@Cloud how they track you with 1 + 2 + 3 +4 + 5?
1.) Your hwid (or mac id?) is more or less unique, now add having been banned on the same hwid previously. No idea if Jagex is storing it, nor do I know if they are allowed to.
2.) Jagex dat files, these include information, which we can't view. All I can say is that I've not been chainbanned to this day, even tho I used to bot on two accounts on one computer.
3.) Cookies - these can also give you an unique identification "number", I am not really familiar with how they work, but you probably know that you often see ads based on your browsing history if you allow cookies. The same way Jagex could have "planted" cookies in your browser, and then later on identify you again even if you are using a vpn.
4.) Java cache, I am not 100% sure about this one, but it's probably similar to the dat files, Jagex could be storing anything here.
5.) Temp files, same as above.
6.) Bad vpn, I am not expert on this aswell, but I've read about dnsleaks and I could imagine them being used to identify you in combination with the cookies in your browser. Also using a shared ip and not dedicated could be dangerous for your account, I didn't test it, but I don't want to, cuz you know, someone could be botting with the same vpn, get banned and you get chainbanned as a result.
My point is, if Jagex wants to, they can probably trace you, the question is, do they care to do so.
Edit: I am currently trying to get an account banned:
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Nothing major yet, but I will let it run 24/7 on my vps. It's doing f2p divination, farming energy.